Codonoblepharon
Autoicous or dioicous. Asexual reproduction by cylindric or fusiform gemmae in leaf axils or stems, rarely absent (not in Victoria). Loose tufts. Stems erect, simple or sparsely branched, with red-brown or white (not in Victoria) rhizoids. Leaves terete-foliate, monomorphic, wide- to erect-spreading when moist, appressed or flexuose and sometimes twisted around the stem when dry; apex acute, sometimes apiculate; costa subpercurrent to excurrent; margins entire, plane, undulate or recurved to revolute toward base, without a border; laminal cells in apical half isodiametric, hexagonal-rounded, quadrate or rhomboidal, smooth; basal laminal cells rectangular to rhomboidal, smooth. Acrocarpous. Calyptra cucullate, glabrous. Capsules exserted, 8-ribbed when dry; stomata superficial on neck. Peristome double; exostome of 16 paired teeth, reflexed when dry; endostome of 8 or 16 segments, erect.
Seven species in Europe, Africa, India and Sri Lanka, Malesia and North and South America (Goffinet & Vitt 1998; Matcham & O’Shea 2005); two species in Victoria.
Codonoblepharon Schwägr. was resurrected by Goffinet & Vitt (1998) to accommodate species with smooth laminal cells that were previously included in Zygodon. In phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences Codonoblepharon was not placed with Zygodon species with papillose cells but was instead potentially closer related to Orthotrichum (Goffinet et al. 1998; 2004). Codonoblepharon was recognised as section Bryoides Malta in a worldwide Zygodon monograph by Malta (1926). The other two Zygodon sections of Malta (1926) that occur in Australia, sections Zygodon and Obtusifolii Malta, also correspond to separate genetic lineages now recognised as separate genera (Goffinet et al. 1998; 2004), demonstrating a long-held realisation of the distinctiveness of these lineages.
SpinningGoffinet, B.; Shaw, A.J.; Cox, C.; Wickett, N.; Boles, S. (2004). Phylogenetic inferences in the Orthotrichoideae (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta) based on variation in four loci from all genomes. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri botanical garden 98: 270–289.
Goffinet, B.; Vitt, D.H. (1998). Revised generic classification of the Orthotrichaceae based on a molecular phylogeny and comparative morphology, in Bates, J.W., Ashton, N.W. & Duckett, J.G (eds), Bryology for the 21st century, pp. 143–159. Maney Publishing and the British Bryological Society, Leeds.
Lewinsky-Haapasaari, J.; Ramsay, H.P. (2006). Zygodon, in McCarthy, P.M. (ed.), Flora of Australia 51, pp. 237–244. ABRS and CSIRO, Canberra and Melbourne.
Malta, N. (1926). Die Gattung Zygodon Hook. et Tayl. Eine monographische Studie. Acta Horti Botanici Universitatis Latviensis 1: 1–184.
Matcham, H.W.; O’Shea, B.J. (2005). A review of the genus Codonoblepharon Schwägr. (Bryopsida: Orthotrichaceae). Journal of Bryology 27(2): 129–135.