3Stems erect, with long, white hairs; flowers in dense spike; corolla 10–30 mm long; seeds deeply reticulate, or with loose-fitting reticulate testaCastilleja →
3Stems slender, procumbent, with minute hairs; flowers in loose spike; corolla 6–12 mm long; seeds shallowly reticulateTriphysaria > Triphysaria pusilla
5Upper corolla-lobes recurved; awns of rearmost pair of anthers longer than the other 6 awns; seeds longitudinally ribbed, trabeculateEuphrasia →
5Upper corolla-lobes projected forwards; awns of anthers equal; seeds smooth, finely reticulate or ribbedBellardia →
