Avena ludoviciana

Culms erect, to 150 cm high. Leaves glabrous or sparsely ciliate near base; blade finely scabrous to 45 cm long and 25 mm wide; ligule membranous, to 8 mm long. Inflorescence a loose but rather narrow panicle to 40 cm long. Spikelets drooping, 2–5-flowered; glumes lanceolate, 20–30 mm long, 7–9-nerved; lemma lanceolate, 14–23 mm long (including apical lobes), bilobed at apex with teeth to c. 1 mm long, the lower two lemmas with silky hairs over the lower two-thirds, upper florets (if present) commonly glabrous; awn 30–60 mm long, inserted below midway on lemma; palea 3–6 mm shorter than lemma. Florets falling united at maturity. Flowers Aug.–Nov.