Plantago australis

Short-lived perennial; rootstock unthickened, with many adventitious roots. Leaves rosetted, c. elliptic, mostly 10–30 cm long and 1.5–5 cm wide, acute or obtuse, scabrous to glabrescent, usually with 3 main veins, margins c. entire; petiole to c. 15 cm long. Spike long-cylindric, usually 10–40 cm long, dense at anthesis, more open in fruit; peduncles 5–40 cm long, sparsely hairy; bracts lanceolate to triangular, 2–3 mm long. Sepals oblong-ovate, c. 2.5 mm long, unequal, strongly ridged; corolla-tube c. 3 mm long, lobes 2.5–3 mm long, erect or rarely spreading; anthers c. 0.3 mm long, not exserted. Capsule ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm long; seeds 3, ellipsoid, 1.5–2.5 mm long, black. Flowers spring and summer.